It is the first time to use pot experiment to optimize the pioneer species of Fushun City and apply it to the vegetation restoration in abandoned mines. This article takes the vegetation restoration area of Yushu iron mine and Aoniu iron mine dump in Fushun City, Liaoning province is taken as the research object, based on the pot experiment, combining with the sample characteristics of the soil matrix in the vegetation restoration area of the mine, the effects of different slope positions on the soil fertility of pioneer vegetation were studied. Research indicates:through the pot experiment, in consideration of the survival rate, tree height and the growth and change of the breast diameter of the potted seedlings, the 2 years old of Pinus sylvestris and Locust were determined as pioneer tree species and used to repair the vegetation in the dump of Yushu iron mine and Aoniu iron mine respectively; during the recovery period, the content of soil nutrient content was determined year by year. The content of soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium increased year by year, and the different slope positions of the plots are characterized by the gradual increase of the slope from the slope to the bottom of the slope.